Presentation on Genes and DNA Race Essays - Genetics, Genomics

Extraordinary Event 2 Introduction on Genes and DNA Race Headings: 1.Print off the inquiries beneath for Cracking the Code of Life 2.Click on the URL for NOVA recorded beneath (or reorder into the location line) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program_adv.html 3.Scroll down to Watch Video Online 4.Choose program 1: Instructions for a Human Being 5.Select the speed in Quick time that you wish to watch it. On the off chance that the full screen form doesn't play easily, you may have a more seasoned model of PC that needs the following determination : (448 X 336.43 MB) 6.There are a few introduction to Cracking the Code of Life. Watch 1 through 6. 7.Answer the inquiries underneath: ( the inquiries are in succession) 8.Complete the Wrap up study questions. 9.When you have finished this task, present your solutions to your teacher by means of email (F07 SE2 your name as the title on the email). Work admirably. Recollect this venture is esteemed at 20 focuses. Segment 1: Instructions for a Human Being 1.How would you portray the presence of DNA taken from the test tube,? Long strands of particles looks like strands of cotton 2. How unique would we say we are from a banana? 50 qualities of a banana are in us 3. To what extent is the human genome? 3 billion stages in length 4.What will having the option to succession the human genome let us know? Human genome can tell us ahead of schedule about ailments, for example, early hazard disease Area 2: Getting the Letters Out 1.How did the commentator portray the DNA particle? Mystery to life composed are compound message right through time 2.How hereditarily the equivalent are any two infants? 99.9% of children are the equivalent nonstop string 3.How numerous nucleotides make up the human genome? 3 200 000 4.The date for propelling the human genome venture was __1990______ . 5. To what extent did it take to discover the quality grouping for cystic fibrosis ? 10 years 6. What level of the DNA nucleotides is dynamic and significant? 1% 7. What helped accelerate the sequencing venture? It became electronic How quick did it accelerate the sequencing? 1,000 consistently 8. The DNA grouping was portrayed by Eric Lander as being similar to a sections list 9. For what reason is it critical to realize the human genome grouping (all parts, each letter)? Mystery of life; DNA lets us know whether we are at early hazard malignancy on the grounds that occasionally 1 single letter can have any kind of effect Area 3: One Wrong Letter 1. Case of a hereditary issue: The name of the turmoil is _____Tay-sachs____________ The reason for the confusion: 4 particles being extraordinary; influences nerve cells in the cerebrum What happens due to that change? Dazzle, can't eat strong food, seizures as regularly as 10 times each day What is the inevitable result of the confusion? Demise by the age of 5-7 The confusion is acquired by Parents are the bearer, the two guardians must have the transformed quality What populace of individuals convey this quality? Ashkenazi Jews 2. What should be possible on the off chance that you realize all the base sets making up the human? Discover early guardians would comprehend what they would get their kids through Area 4: Sequencing Race Begins 1.Government researchers through it would take to what extent to grouping the human genome? 15 years 2.How is DNA code perused? Slashed by robots and put in microscopic organisms labeled with shaded colors. Blue C Yellow G Red T Green A 3. Depict the individual who set up a private undertaking to grouping the human genome. Cherishes things that go quick. Drafter by the naval force and worked in a maritime medical clinic. 4.Name the organization that he began. What does the name mean? Celera Genomics Celera got from a latin word implies speed. 5.Briefly depict the procedure used. Sped up look into causing Venter to accept they could finish the task in two years 6.In 1998, to what extent did Venter figure the venture would take? 2 years Area 5: Ramping Up 1. Name the two fundamental labs and who was accountable for the tasks. Celera Genomics/Human Genome Project 2.How a wide range of labs were taking a shot at the venture around then? Name a couple. Baylor College of Medicine, Sanger Project 3. Rundown a couple of the issues they confronted with the venture. New innovation that the researchers were not comfortable in utilizing. They likewise needed to assemble all the

Marketing in an International Environment Globalization

Question: Expound on theMarketing in an International Environment for Globalization. Answer: Presentation In the cutting edge period, globalization has gotten one of the fundamental pieces of the business so as to extend the business in the universal market. To comprehend the promoting in the global condition, the Carrefour Company is picked which is a main hypermarket with its headquarter in France. Carrefour works in excess of 300 nations and works in India. In France, the organization is one of the main retailing stores and holds the fourth position due to incomes and benefit gaining. The achievement in the market of France prompted the chiefs of the organization to go into Asian market. Since, Carrefour previously existed in India and worked successfully, the supervisors of the organization decided to go into the business sectors of Bhutan. The brand required Bhutanese accomplice that common the morals and the hierarchical estimations of the organization. The market of Bhutan can be seen as social intersection that bolsters the Carrefour Company to go into the market. Besides, Bhutan has a tremendous populace that bolsters the organization to draw in numerous potential clients towards the brand. So as to build the benefit, the organization attempts to offer items to the clients dependent on the interest of the market. The expectation of the organization to give minimal effort items encourages the organization to accomplish an upper hand in the new Asian market of Bhutan. It is accordingly significant for the chiefs of the organization to settle on key choices before going into the market of Bhutan to build up an economical position. SWOT Analysis SWOT examination is an administration apparatus that enables the supervisors of Carrefour to comprehend the present showcasing to position of the organization. The examination is done so as to assess the inward quality and shortcoming of the organization. In light of the SWOT examination, the organization can settle on choices and create methodologies that will permit doing business in the new Asian market in a viable and effective way. Quality Biggest hypermarket chain Second most elevated income Joint endeavors in various nations Huge system of markdown Own private image Shortcoming High working costs Poor work connection Setting aside long effort to open new stores Poor online business execution Frail own image deals Opportunity Joint endeavors and obtaining for additional extension Advancement of markdown stores Execution of financially savvy procedures Improved innovative work Dangers High rivalry Low valued results of Wal-Mart is the greatest danger Unsteadiness in the business sectors of Asia New brands going into the market Slow development outside France Quality: Carrefour is the biggest hypermarket anchor as per the size. After Wal-Mart, it is the second most noteworthy income gaining retail industry. There are various joint endeavors in various nations over the globe that encourages the organization to accomplish a steady association so as to complete successful business (Koh and Wong 2015). Also, the organization has huge system of limits, accommodation stores and basic food item that is equipped for satisfying the need of the market in which it work. This causes the organization to accomplish a solid brand picture. The organization has gigantic number of effective representatives working for the organization everywhere throughout the globe, which expands the efficiency of the organization (Fletcher and Crawford 2013). Most extreme items offered by the organization to the clients are of their own private image and subsequently the income gathered is generally higher. Shortcoming: The working expense of Carrefour is high because of the insufficient execution of the systems. The income earned is high since the deals are more concerning its rivals. In any case, the benefit earned by the organization isn't as high when contrasted with the income since the working expense of the organization is high that drives down the benefit level of the organization. The connection between the works and the administration isn't excessively compelling and in this way the efficiency diminishes (Hallbck and Gabrielsson 2013). The presentation level of the organization in the internet business part isn't agreeable. Notwithstanding that, the organization sets aside an excessive amount of effort to work new stores in the market that diminishes the benefit level further. Openings: Carrefour has the chance to start joint endeavors and obtaining that will assist the organization with expanding into new markets. There are sufficient degrees to build up the departmental stores of the organization. There are further open doors for the organization to acquaint innovations that assists with actualize financially savvy systems and build up the innovative work division of the organization (Cavusgil and Cavusgil 2012). Dangers: While working in the market of France, India and just as Bhutan, the troughs of the organization faces various dangers, for example, the elevated level of rivalry. The opponent organizations of Carrefour give its clients minimal effort items that force dangers on the organization. Then again, the Asian market in the organization works is profoundly instable that confines the organization to accomplish high give and new clients (Skarmeas, Zeriti and Baltasn 2016). Subsequently, the organization can't grow much outside France. Item Overview With an immense enhancement of wares, Carrefour anticipates mediate into the Bhutan advertise. So as to snatch a huge area of the market, supervisors in the organization article to grow top notch item that would satisfy needs in a progressively effective manner. The huge chain of hypermarket is loaded up with merchandise going from hardware to food to family unit stuff to each conceivable thing (Gilligan and Hird 2012). The huge variety in the product offering takes into account each segment of the general public. The Bhutanese custom and culture extraordinarily influences advancement of the items. Likewise, the unprecedented products will in general increase consideration from the individuals in the remote market. Notwithstanding essential products, the undertaking centers around auxiliary merchandise that increase an enormous area of the market structure. A distinction between the items and direction between the parent and the host nation assumes a key job in extension of business. Concerning business flourishing in the Asian market, the administration centers around providing food, attire and hardware as their principle line of items. Gadgets incorporate products of a few and believed brands like Apple and Sony. Not exclusively does the firm advance purchasing of telephones yet in addition numerous frill. Notwithstanding shopping for food, the great quality closet items are among claims to fame of the firm (Yang, Su and Fam 2012). Besides, Carrefour aces in providing of new food to the individuals. The separation among a few food fixings from around the globe and furthermore merchandise like juices, dairy, fish, flavors, new breads, and numerous others pulls in shoppers. Division and Positioning Strategy Market Segmentation The chiefs work in a joint effort with business specialists to portion Bhutan's market structure to have the option to situate its items relying upon a few fluctuating variables. Carrefour cautious watches and studies the predominant conditions so as to improve business flourishing (Cavusgil et al. 2014). The few segment, psychographic, topographical and social parts of the outside nation extraordinarily influence dynamic of the firm. An immense social and conventional distinction in Bhutan permits the directors to fabricate subsections of the geologically spread market structure. Further, age, sexual direction, proficiency levels, riches circulation and social highlights in the country catches a unique eye of the Carrefour the executives (Chandra, Styles and Wilkinson 2012). So as to intercede in another nation and carry on business in a manageable manner, the brand will in general handle the accessible chances. An appropriate separate of the market to target clients and furnish the m with their ideal merchandise, chooses the accomplishment of an organization. Situating Strategies Carrefour incredibly features the requirement for a fortification situating technique to have the option to act in a smooth way. In spite of the procedure being a tedious component, the area articulation is a gainful factor for business (Turnbull and Valla 2013). The supervisors perceive a nearness of substitutes in the market delivered by rival firms. Notwithstanding examining the opposition, directors investigate business possibility in a few pieces of Bhutan. The expanded the travel industry in the business contributes successfully towards development of the organization. Moreover, Carrefour focuses to set up branches explicitly in the western and eastern areas of the country. A sorted out situating of the brand won't just permit it to address local issues of the individuals yet in addition spread in the neighboring nations. Concerning the focal Bhutan, bosses focus to construct business in zones like Bumthang, Jakar, Sarpang and Trongsa (Chung et al. 2012). Creating stores close to visitor area likewise contributes adequately towards income age of the endeavor. Target Market Target markets are alluded to the gathering of clients that Carrefour attempts to sell its item. The organization expects to recognize the market needs and the requests so as to convey significant level of consumer loyalty. The organization focuses on the ladies of the age bunch 20-45 principally as they are progressively worried about the present design. Further, the attire segment of the firm is a subject important to the ladies of the country. The organization further focuses on the small kids and the children to sell the toy items. In particular, the youthful age keeps an eye on a greater amount of electronic merchandise when contrasted with apparel items. Being a main hypermarket organization, the firm thinks about the nearby occupants of the working markets that incorporate, men, ladies, and kids (Samiee, Chabows

What are the key purposes of using Accounting Ratios in Finance - Free Essay Example

What is accounting ratios? Accounting ratios are the ratios which used in calculation and indicate the relationship between figures from the financial statements of a company. The financial statements are the statements that summarized a companys activities either quarterly or annually. It consists of a profit and loss account and a balance sheet. In accounting, accounting ratios are often used in interpreting and evaluating a companys overall financial condition and business performance. Accounting ratios are classified into 5 categories for measuring 5 different aspects of business performance. The 5 aspects are shown as follow: Profitability of company Liquidity of company Asset management of company Debts management and capital gearing of company Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders 1.1 Profitability of company Gross profit markup Gross profit markup (%) = Gross Profit x 100 Cost of goods sold Gross profit margin Gross profit margin (%) = Gross profit x 100 Net sales value Operating profit margin on sales Operating profit margin (%) = Operating profit before interest and before taxation x 100 Net sales value Profit margin on sales Profit margin on sales (%) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Net sales value Basic earning power (BEP) Basic earning power (BEP) = Operating profit before interest and before taxation x 100 Total assets Return on total assets (ROA) Return on total assets (ROA) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Total assets Return on total equity (ROE) Return on total equity (ROE) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Common equity 1.2 Liquidity of company Current ratio / Working capital ratio Current ratio / Working capital ratio = Current assets Current liabilities Liquid ratio / quick ratio / acid-test ratio Liquid ratio / quick ratio / acid-test ratio = Liquid assets Current liabilities 1.3 Asset management of company Inventory turnover or stock turnover Inventory turnover or stock turnover = Cost of sales Average stock value Fixed asset turnover Fixed asset turnover = Net sales Fixed assets net book value Total assets turnover Total assets turnover = Net sales Total assets Debtor ratio Debtor ratio = Debtor Credit sales Debtor payment period Debtor payment period = Debtor x 365 days/ 52 weeks / 12 months Credit sales Days sales outstanding (DSO) Days sales outstanding (DSO) = Debtor x 365 days Credit sales 1.4 Debts management and capital gearing of company Debts ratio Debts ratio = Total debts Total assets Capital gearing ratio Capital gearing ratio = Prior charge debts capital Total capital Debts equity ratio Debts equity ratio = Total debts Common Equity Times interest earned Times interest earned = Profit before interest and before taxation Interest charges Creditor ratio Creditor ratio = Creditor Credit purchase Creditor payment period Creditor payment period = Creditor x 365 days / 52 weeks / 12 months Credit purchase 1.5 Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders/ common stockholders Earnings per share Earnings per share = Net income available to common stockholders Number of ordinary shares in issue Price / Earnings ratio Price / Earnings ratio = Market price per ordinary share Earnings per share Dividend cover Dividend cover = Earnings per share Net ordinary dividend per share Earning yield Earning yield = Gross earnings per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share Dividend yield Dividend yield = Gross ordinary dividend per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share Price / cash flow ratio Price / cash flow ratio = Market price per ordinary share Net cash inflow per ordinary share Market price / book value ratio Market price / book value ratio = Market price per ordinary share Net book value per ordinary share 1.6 Companys background Gamuda was incorporated on 6 October 1976. It was listed on the main board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 10 August 1992. In Malaysia, Gamuda is a leading infrastructure group. It has a wide range of business activities all over the world. Its core competencies are engineering and construction, infrastructure concessions, and also township development. Besides, they have mega projects such as internationally acclaimed SMART (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel), intra-urban highways, Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit System in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and so on. On the other hand, WCT was incorporated on 14 January 1981 as WCT Earthworks Building Contractors Sdn Bhd. Then, it went public on 1 April 1994 and listed on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on 16 February 1995. The business nature of WCT Berhad contains engineering and construction, property development, and also assets management. The business coverage of WCT is in Malaysia and abroad. Its projects and serv ices include F1 international racing circuit, international airport, hydroelectric dam, township planning development and so on. Then, the next step is applying the accounting ratios to calculate the 2 companiess business performance. The companies are Gamuda Berhad and WCT Berhad. In order to compare these 2 companies, the selection is inter-firm which is comparing based on the industry average. It is because they have the same business nature. Before doing comparison, a person must obtain the financial statements of a company. In general, the financial statements are released in annually basis, but some of the companies are quarterly basis. Financial statements are the vital resource for a researcher used to calculate and compare the companies business performance. The financial statements adopted from Gamuda Berhads annual report 2010, whereas WCT Berhad is 2009. Figures inside the income statement and balance sheet are used in apply to the accounting ratio in calculating pu rposes. After done the calculation, there is a standard weigh available in each accounting ratio to interpret the data. Each answer generated is referring to the weigh in comparison and generate a comment. These 2 annual reports of Gamuda and WCT are adopted from their official website in the column of the investor relations. The website address of Gamuda is https://www.gamuda.com.my, whereas website address of WCT is www.wct.com.my. 1.7 Calculation worksheet Types of ratio Calculation of Gamuda Berhad Calculation of WCT Berhad Profitability Gross profit markup (%) = Gross profit x 100 Cost of goods sold = RM 422976000 x 100 RM 2032167000 = 20.81 % = RM 354659000 x 100 RM 4311943000 = 8.23 % Gross profit margin (%) = Gross profit x 100 Net sales value = RM 422976000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 17.23 % = RM 354659000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 7.60% Operating profit margin on sales (%) Operating profit before = interest before taxation x100 Net sales value = RM 259852000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 10.58% = RM 244145000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 5.23 % Profit margin on sales (%) = Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Net sales value = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 2455143000 = 11.43 % = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 4666602000 = 3.15 % Basic earning power (BEP) = Operating profit before Interest and before taxation x100 Total assets = RM 259852000 x 100 RM 6550910000 =3.97% = RM 244145000 x 100 RM4478484 000 = 5.45 % Return on total assets (ROA) = Net income available to common stockholders x100 Total assets = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 6550910000 = 4.28% = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 4478484000 = 3.28 % Return on total equity (ROE) =Net income available to common stockholders x 100 Common equity = RM 280693000 x 100 RM 325752500 = 8.62 % = RM 147098000 x 100 RM 1250246000 = 11.77 % Liquidity Current ratio = Current assets Current liabilities = RM 4203173000 RM 1930241000 = 2.18 : 1 = RM 2553187000 RM 1807550000 = 1.41 : 1 Acid-test ratio = Liquid assets Current liabilities =RM4123435000 RM1930241000 = 2.14 : 1 = RM 2439478000 RM 1807550000 = 1.35 : 1 Asset Management Inventory turnover = Cost of sales Average stock value = RM 2032167000 RM 79738000 = 25.49 times = RM 4311943000 RM 113709000 = 37.92 times Total assets turnover = Net sales Total assets = RM 2455143000 RM 6550910000 = 0.37 times = RM 4666602000 RM 4478484000 = 1.04 times Debtor ratio =Debtor Credit sales = RM 1607772000 RM 2455143000 = 0.65 : 1 = RM 1472655000 RM 4666602000 = 0.32 : 1 Day sales outstanding (DSO) =Debtor x 365 days Credit sales = 0.65 x 365 days = 237.52 days = 0.32 x 365 days = 116.8 days Debts management and capital gearing of company Debts ratio = Total debts Total assets = RM 3243187000 RM 6550910000 = 0.50 : 1 = RM 2991508000 RM 4478484000 = 0.67 : 1 Debts equity ratio = Total debts Common equity = RM 3243187000 RM 3257525000 = 1 : 1 = RM 2991508000 RM 1250246000 = 2.39 : 1 Times interest earned = Profit before interest and before taxation Interest charges = RM 259852000 RM 43813000 = 5.93 times = RM 24414500 RM 50308000 = 4.85 times Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders Earnings per share = Net income available to common stockholders Number of ordinary shares in issues = RM 280693000 2025888000 shares = RM 0.14 = RM 147098000 777712000 shares = RM 0.19 Price earnings ratio = Market price per ordinary share Earnings per share = RM 3.20 per share RM 0.14 per share = 22.86 times = RM 2.60 per share RM 0.19 per share = 13.68 times Earnings yield = Gross earnings per share x 100 Market price per ordinary share = (100/75 x RM 0.14) x 100 RM 3.20 = 5.83 % = (100/75 x RM 0.19)x 100 RM 2.60 = 9.74 % Market price per book value = Market price per ordinary share Net book value per ordinary share = RM 3.20 per share (RM 325752500 / 2025888000 shares) = RM 3.20 RM 1.61 = 1.99 : 1 = RM 2.60 per share (RM 1250246000 / 777712000 shares) = RM 2.60 RM 1.61 = 1.61 : 1 1.8 Ratios comparison between Gamuda and WCT 1.81 Profitability Gross profit markup and gross profit margin Based on the profitability ratios calculations result generated above, Gamuda Company is generating higher profit compared to WCT Company. The both gross profit markup and gross profit margin of Gamuda is higher than WCT. High gross profit earned by Gamuda shows that it has effective and efficient control in lowering its purchasing cost and production cost. Lower gross profit earned by WCT indicates it does not effective and efficient control in lowering its purchasing cost and production cost. Besides, both operating profit margin and profit margin on sales of Gamuda is higher than WCT. Higher profit margin earned by Gamuda shows it has an effective control in lowering its expenditures and interest cost. Whereas it indicates WCT is ineffective in controlling its expenditures and interest cost. Basic earning power, return on total assets, and return on common equity However, in basic earning power and return on common equity, Gam uda is lower than WCT. Return of asset of Gamuda is slightly higher 1 % than WCT only, which is 4.28 % and 3.28 % respectively. It shows that WCT is generating higher profit regarding to its effective and efficient in using its assets and capital in the business. In contrast, Gamuda is ineffective and inefficient in employing its assets and capital. 1.82 Liquidity Current ratio In liquidity aspect, the current ratio of Gamuda and WCT is 2.18: 1 and 1.41: 1 respectively. If the current ratio is higher than average of industry, it means a company has a larger amount of current assets to pay its current liabilities. Besides, it proves that a company has a stable financial condition. In contrast, when current ratio is lower than average of industry, it shows the companys financial condition is unstable. The company has lower amount of current assets to pay its current liabilities. Acid test ratio On the other hand, acid test ratio of Gamuda is 2.14: 1, whereas WCT is 1.35: 1. When a companys acid test ratio is higher than average of industry, it shows that it has larger amount of liquid assets to pay its current liabilities. In contrast, lower acid test ratio shows a company has lower amount of liquid assets to pay its current liabilities. 1.83 Asset management Inventory turnover In asset management aspect, the inventory turnover of Gamuda is 25.49 times and WCT is 37.92 times. Higher inventory turnover shows that a company experiences fast stock turnover, so stocks are not accumulated, and no money to be tied up. WCT has a higher inventory turnover than Gamuda. It means that WCT has fast turnover, less stocks to be accumulated, and less money to be tied up compared to Gamuda. Total assets turnover Besides, total assets turnover of Gamuda is 0.37 times, and WCT is 1.04 times. Total assets turnover of WCT is higher than Gamuda. WCT has higher sales generated from its business due to its effective asset usage which increases the production volume. Debtor ratio days sales outstanding Debtor ratio of Gamuda is 0.65: 1, and WCT is 0.32: 1. Besides, the day sales outstanding of Gamuda are 237.5 days, and WCT is 116.8 days. Higher debtor ratio and day sales outstanding shows that Gamuda gives a longer credit time to its debtors w hich cause a longer time to collect back the money. Gamuda may accumulate the debts balance and experiences shortage of money which unable to finance its current liabilities. In contrast, WCT has a lower debtor ratio and day sales outstanding. It has shorter debtor payment period, experience less debts balance, and less money to be tied up from its debtors. 1.84 Debts management and capital gearing Debtor ratio In debts management and capital gearing aspect, WCT has a higher debts ratio compared to Gamuda. The higher debts ratio shows that a company experiences heavy debts and high interest cost. It may cause a company unable to pay back the debts, and forced to sell its assets to pay. Debts equity ratio Debts equity ratio is used to measure the proportion of company debts with its common equity. Both Gamuda and WCT debts equity ratio is higher than 0.5:1, but WCT is higher than Gamuda which are 2.39:1 and 1;1 respectively. It means these 2 companies operate at a high gear with larger proportion of prior charge debts capital. It views as unstable capital structure and bearing the high interest cost financed by larger proportion of profit. Time interest earned / Interest cover Both companies experience high capital gearing ratio, but WCT is higher than Gamuda. It means WCT experiences low times interest earned and indicates it is bearing the high interest charge s in relation to its profit. 1.85 Market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders Earnings per share Lastly, in market value of investment to ordinary shareholders / common stockholders, WCT has a higher earnings per share compared to Gamuda. It shows that WCT has a higher business growth and higher profit earnings. In converse, lower earnings per share shows that a company experiences a low business growth and low profit earnings. Price earnings per share Besides, WCT has a lower price earnings ratio compared to Gamuda. Lower price earnings ratio shows that Gamudas earnings per share is very high which influenced the common stockholders have to take shorter period use their profit earning to recover back their share investment amount. If the earnings ratio is high, it shows that a companys earnings per share are very low and the common stockholders spend longer period use their profit earning to recover their share investment amount. Earning yield The earning yield of WCT is higher than Gamuda. If the earning yield higher than the average of indu stry, it shows that a company has high net income and very attractive to the common stockholders. However, when the earning yield is lower than average of industry, it shows that a company has low net income and not attractive to the common stockholders. Market price per book value Besides, the market price per book value of WCT is lower than Gamuda. If market price per book values is lower than the average of industry, it means the share market price decreases below its real asset value and becomes attractive to common stockholders. In converse, if the market price per book value is higher than the average of industry, it means its share market price increases over its real asset value and become not attractive to the common stockholders. 1.9 Conclusion Based on the result of 5 aspects of accounting ratio above, WCT Company has a better overall business performance than Gamuda Company. Firstly, WCT has higher BEP and ROE which shows WCT is generating higher profit regarding to its effective and efficient in using its assets and capital in the business activities. Secondly, WCT has a higher inventory turnover than Gamuda. It indicates that WCT has fast turnover, more liquid, less stocks to be accumulated, and less money to be tied up compared to Gamuda. Thirdly, total assets turnover of WCT is higher than Gamuda. WCT has higher sales generated from its business due to its effective asset usage which increases the production volume. Fourthly, WCT experiences a lower debtor ratio and day sales outstanding than Gamuda Company. WCT has shorter debtor payment period, experience less debts balance, more liquid and less money to be tied up from its debtors. Fifthly, WCT has higher earnings per share compared to Gamuda. WCT has a higher bu siness growth and higher profit earnings. Sixthly, WCT experiences lower price earning ratio compared to Gamuda. Lower price earnings ratio shows that WCTs earnings per share are very high. It enables the common stockholders have to take shorter period use their profit earning to recover back their share investment amount. Seventhly, the earning yield of WCT is higher than Gamuda. When the earning yield higher than the average of industry, it shows that a company has high net income and very attractive to the common stockholders. Lastly, the market price per book value of WCT is lower than Gamuda. When market price per book values is lower than the average of industry, it means the share market price decreases below its real asset value and becomes attractive to common stockholders. Thus, WCT is more attractive than Gamuda. On the other hand, while doing inter-firm comparison, there are several limitations in applying the ratio and trend analysis. The first limitation must select the same industry norms and compare based on the industry average. The second limitation is each firm experiences a different financial and business risk profile. It also affected by the analysis differently. The third limitation is accounting policies. Each firm applies different accounting policies. For example, in small firm, it groups its stationery in current assets. However, in large firm, it groups it into expenses. The fourth limitation is the size of the firm would experience different level of risk from its competitors, structure, and returns. The fourth limitation is the area and environment of a firm. Home-based firm and multinational firm operate differently in different countries. 2.0 Introduction What is financial market? Financial market is a mechanism where surplus funds are gathered from the people who intended to lend out their money. Furthermore, it acts like a platform where provides the opportunities for the organizations and individuals who are short of money to borrow funds. Financial markets have different categories. Each financial market deals with a different type of financial instrument of its maturity and the asset backing it. Different financial markets serve different types of customers, and operate in different parts of the country. Financial markets are different from physical asset markets. Physical asset markets also called as tangible asset markets or commodities market which deal with the physical products like gold, crude oil, real estate, and machinery. Whereas the financial markets deal with the financial instruments like shares, bonds, notes, mortgages, and so on. Besides, these 2 markets can operate as the spot market or future market. Spot marke rs can be defined as goods are being traded on the spot and delivery within several days. Conversely, the goods that are being traded in future market are for future and delivery on future date. It could be six months or a year in future. 2.1 Types of financial markets 2.11 Primary markets There are various financial markets in each country. The first type is primary markets. It is the market for corporations to raise capital by issuing new securities or shares. The corporations collect the funds by selling off the new issued stocks in the primary market transaction. 2.12 Secondary markets The second type is secondary markets. Secondary markets are the markets in which existing and already outstanding securities or other financial assets that are traded among the investors after they have been issued by the corporations. 2.13 Initial public offering market The third type is initial public offering (IPO) market. It is a market that provides the company or corporations go public by offering new securities or shares to the public for the first time. Once the corporation or company went public, it will be listed on the stock exchange. These companies or corporations are usually newly established and go public to collect capital. 2.14 Private markets The fourth type is private markets. It is a financial market where the transactions are worked out directly between 2 parties. Private markets are different from the public markets where standardized contracts are traded on organized exchanges, but private market could perform privately without going to public where the transaction may be structured in any manner that appeals to the 2 parties. Bank loans and placement of debts with insurance are the examples of the private market transaction. 2.15 Consumer credit markets The fifth type is consumer credit markets. Generally, it deals with the loans on autos and appliances, loans for education, vacations, and so on. 2.16 Mortgage markets The sixth type is mortgage markets. Mortgage markets deal with the loans for the purposes of residential, commercial, industrial real estate, and also farmland. 2.17 capital markets The seventh type is capital market. Capital markets deal with the stocks or shares, intermediate or long-term debts in which funds to be loaned and borrowed for long periods. It usually more offered in one year or more than one year. 2.18 Money market The eighth type is money market. Money market deals with short-term, highly debt securities in which funds to be loaned and borrowed for a short period which usually less than one year. 2.2 Three ways for transferring capital or fund between savers and borrowers 2.21 Direct transfer from savers to borrowers The first way is direct transfer from savers to borrowers. It usually happens when a corporation (borrower) wants to collect funds by issuing and selling new securities or bonds to the savers (money lender). In this selling process, it does not pass through any financial institution which the corporations directly deliver the securities to the savers who in return pay money to the corporation. Therefore, it is a direct flow where the funds are directly transferred from the savers to the corporations. The following diagram can fully explain the process between corporations and savers. Issue corporations securities or bonds to Corporations (Borrowers) Savers (Money lenders) Receive capital or fund from Diagram 2.21.1- Direct transfer from savers to borrowers 2.22 Indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house The second way is indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house. It normally happens when an investment bank underwrites the issuance of a corporations securities where the investment bank acts as a middleman to facilitate the issuance of corporations securities. Indeed, investment bank purchases the corporations securities and then resell it to the savers. It means the money paid by the savers in purchasing corporations securities is passed to the investment bank and to be received by the corporation (borrower). Thus, money of savers and securities of company is only passing through the investment banking house. As a result, the fund is indirectly transferred through the investment banking house from the saver (money lender) to the corporation (borrower). The below diagram can fully explain the process among the investment banking house, corporation, and saver. Investment Banking House (Middle man) ( Corporations (Borrower) Savers (Money lender) Issue corporations Resell corporations securities to securities to Receive fund from Receive fund from Diagram 2.22.1- Indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house 2.23 Indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary The third way is indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. It usually happens when a financial intermediary like bank or a mutual fund collects the funds from the savers by issuing its own securities or certificate of deposit to the savers. After that, the financial intermediary uses the collected funds from the savers to buy and keeps the other corporations securities as its investments. It means that the money paid by the savers to purchase the securities or certificate of deposit issued by the financial intermediary. Then, the money passed to the financial intermediary, and then the financial intermediary paid the money for purchasing the other corporations securities. In fact, there are many people prefer holding the certificate of deposit and the securities issued by the financial intermediary. The reason is they are safer and more liquid than the mortgages and loans. Thus, financial intermediaries are greatly increasing the efficiency of money and capital markets. The below diagram can fully explain the process among the financial intermediary, saver, and corporation. Savers (Money lender) Corporations (Borrower) Financial Intermediary (Money lender to corporation) / (Borrower from saver) Issue corporations Issue intermediarys securities to owns securities to Receive fund from Receive fund from Diagram 2.23.1- Indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary 2.3 Types of financial intermediaries and its role Investment banking house is an organization that underwrites and distributes the new securities issued by the corporations which helps the corporation in obtaining the funds for financing. In Malaysia, examples of investment banking house are CIMB bank, Affin bank, and Maybank. Financial intermediary are the specialized financial organization that facilitate the transfer of funds from the savers to the borrowers. There are several types of financial intermediaries. 2.31 Commercial bank The first type is commercial bank. It is a traditional departmental store of finance which serves a huge population of savers and borrowers. Besides, commercial banks are the major institutions that handled checking accounts and through which Federal Reserve System increased or decreased the money supply. Furthermore, it provides stock brokerage services and insurance. 2.32 Mutual savings fund The second type is mutual savings fund. It is similar to savings and loan associations which accepts the funds from savers and lend the money for a long term basis to house buyers and consumers. 2.33 Savings and loan association The third type is savings and loan association. This organization serves individual savers, residential and commercial mortgage borrowers by collecting the funds from small savers. Then, it lends the money to house buyers and other types of borrowers. 2.34 Credit unions The fourth type is credit unions. They are cooperative associations whose members are supposed having a common bond to enable the unions collect funds from the members. Then, the unions lend the funds to other members who need funds in vehicle purchases, house improvement, and house mortgage. It is the cheapest source of funds for the individual borrowers. 2.35 Pension funds The fifth type is pension funds. It is a retirement plan funded by the corporation or government agencies for their staffs. Pension funds are administered primarily by the trust departments of commercial banks or by life insurance companies. It normally used in investing in bonds, stocks, mortgages, and real estate. 2.36 Life insurance companies The sixth type is life insurance companies. These companies collect the savings in the form of annual premiums and invest the funds in purchasing stocks, bonds, real estate, and so on. They make payments for the beneficiaries who are injured. Life insurance companies also offered a variety of tax-deferred savings plans to provide benefits to the applicants when they retire. 2.37 Mutual funds The seventh type is mutual funds. They collect the fund from savers and use it in purchasing stocks, long-term bonds, and short-term debt instruments issued by businesses or government units. They pool the funds in diversifying the investment to reduce the risk. 2.4 Conclusion After finished this question, it provides a clear picture and more understanding in financial markets and its categories. Financial market is a mechanism where surplus funds are gathered from the people who intended to lend out their money. Furthermore, it acts like a platform where provides the opportunities for the organizations and individuals who are short of money to borrow funds. Financial markets have different categories. There are primary market, secondary market, initial public offering (IPO) market, private market, consumer credit markets, mortgage market, capital market, and also money market. Besides, it also indicates 3 different ways in transferring capital or fund between savers and borrowers. The first way is direct transfer from savers to borrowers. The second way is indirect transfer from the savers to the borrowers through investment banking house. The third way is indirect transfer from the savers to borrowers through a financial intermediary. On the other hand , it also indicated the roles of investment banking house and financial intermediaries. Financial intermediaries consist of 7 types. They are commercial banks, mutual saving funds, savings and loan association, credit unions, pension funds, life insurance companies, and also mutual funds. 2.5 Appendix

Lagomorpha Include Hares, Rabbits, and Pikas

Hares, pikas, and rabbits (Lagomorpha) are small terrestrial mammals that include cottontails, jackrabbits, pikas, hares, and rabbits. The group is also commonly referred to as lagomorphs. There are about 80 species of lagomorphs divided into two subgroups, the pikas and the hares and rabbits. Lagomorphs are not as diverse as many other mammal groups, but they are widespread. They inhabit every continent except Antarctica and are absent from only a few places around the globe such as parts of South America, Greenland, Indonesia, and Madagascar. Although not native to Australia, lagomorphs have been introduced there by humans and have since successfully colonized many parts of the continent. Lagomorphs generally have a short tail, large ears, wide-set eyes and narrow, slit-like nostrils that they can scrunch tightly closed. The two subgroups of lagomorphs differ considerably in their general appearance. Hares and rabbits are larger and have long hind legs, a short bushy tail, and long ears. Pikas, on the other hand, in contrast, are smaller than hares and rabbits and more rotund. They have round bodies, short legs, and a tiny, barely-visible tail. Their ears are prominent but are rounded and not as conspicuous as those of hares and rabbits. Lagomorphs often form the foundation of many predator-prey relationships in the ecosystems they inhabit. As important prey animals, lagomorphs are hunted by animals such as carnivores, owls, and birds of prey. Many of their physical characteristics and specializations have evolved as a means of helping them escape predation. For example, their large ears enable them to hear approaching danger better; the position of their eyes enables them to have a near 360-degree range of vision; their long legs enable them to run quickly and out-maneuver predators. Lagomorphs are herbivores. They feed on grass, fruits, seeds, bark, roots, herbs, and other plant material. Since the plants they eat are difficult to digest, they expel a wet fecal matter and eat it to ensure that the material passes through their digestive system twice. This enables them to extract as much nutrition as possible from their food. Lagomorphs inhabit most terrestrial habitats including semi-deserts, grasslands, woodlands, tropical forests, and arctic tundra. Their distribution is worldwide with the exception of Antarctica, southern South America, most islands, Australia, Madagascar, and the West Indies. Lagomorphs have been introduced by humans to many ranges in which they were not formerly found and often such introductions have led to widespread colonization. Evolution The earliest representative of the lagomorphs is thought to be Hsiuannania, a ground-dwelling herbivore that lived during the Paleocene in China. Hsiuannania is known from just a few fragments of teeth and jawbones. Despite the scant fossil record for early lagomorphs, what evidence there is indicates that the lagomorph clade originated somewhere in Asia. The earliest ancestor of rabbits and hares lived 55 million years ago in Mongolia. Pikas emerged about 50 million years ago during the Eocene. Pika evolution is difficult to resolve, as only seven species of pikas are represented in the fossil record. Classification The classification of lagomorphs is highly controversial. At one time, lagomorphs were considered to be rodents due to striking physical similarities between the two groups. But more recent molecular evidence has supported the notion that lagomorphs are no more related to rodents than they are to other mammal groups. For this reason, they are now ranked as an entirely separate group of mammals. Lagomorphs are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Lagomorphs Lagomorphs are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Pikas (Ochotonidae) - There are about 30 species of pikas alive today. Members of this group include silver pikas, collard pikas, steppe pikas, Chinese red pikas, Himalayan pikas, and many other species. Pikas are notable for their short, rounded ears, lack of a tail, and round body.Hares and rabbits (Leporidae) -Â  There are about 50 species of hares and rabbits alive today. Members of this group include eastern cottontails, robust cottontails, European rabbits, antelope jackrabbits, snowshoe hares, Arctic hares, volcano rabbits, desert hares, Abyssinian hares, and many others.

The Digestive System and Digestive Process Essay

Essays on The Digestive System and Digestive Process Essay The paper "The Digestive System and Digestive Process" is a wonderful example of an essay on biology. Different types of foods come along with different nutrients such as vitamins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and proteins. These nutrients are often a source of energy and material to the body cells. The problem is that most of these nutrients cannot be used by the body for energy in the form in which they are eaten. Hence, before these nutrients are absorbed and carried to the body cells, they need to be broken out and changed into smaller, usable pieces. This is the work of the digestive system with the help of the digestive organs. The digestive process is a rigorous task carried out by the digestive organs working together in the digestive system (Hoffman, 53). Of concern is whether it is possible to live without one or more of the digestive organs.   Each and every digestive organ has its own distinctive role. For this reason, it is impossible to live without one or more digestive organisms. However, the small intestine does the most work of any digestive organ. This is the point where food is broken down by physical grinding as well as special proteins known as enzymes that work on food at the molecular level. In addition, the small intestine is where almost all of the useful nutrients are absorbed into the body. By this time, all that is left for the large intestines is waste in the form of undigested food. Other digestive organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are not part of the twisted tube through which food travels but play important roles in the digestive system (Scott Fong, 16). Regardless of how minor a role a digestive organ contributes to the digestive system, failure to have one of the digestive organizations can lead to a digestive breakdown. Therefore, every digestive organ plays a detrimental role in digestion, and however minor it may appear, its pathology may lead to incomplete digestion.

Ishmael Essay Example For Students

Ishmael Essay Ishmael The Destruction ContinuesIshmaelThe Biblical depiction of Adam and Eves fall builds the foundation of Daniel Quinns novel, Ishmael. In this adventure of the spirit, a telepathic gorilla, Ishmael, uses the history of Biblical characters in order to explain his philosophy on saving the world. Attracting his final student, the narrator of the novel, with an advertisement Teacher seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person, Ishmael counsels the narrator through a series of questions that force him to stretch his mind. Diving straight into Biblical allusions, Ishmael begins his lesson with the history of his evolution from Goliath (17) to Ishmael. He explains this evolution as a time of realization where he shifts from blindly accepting the infamous reputation of Goliath, an evil giant from the Bible, to the quiet, thoughtful being of Ishmael. After his brief history, Ishmael shifts his attention to the creation. A culture is a people enacting a story (41), and the story of the Garden of Eden opened up new thoughts on mans transformation from dependent to independent beings. When Adam and Eve began their lives on earth, they fully depended on the gods for all their necessities. Just like all of the other animals in the garden, they followed the philosophy of leavers and left the question of who should live and who should die up to the gods. However, the serpent, a member of the taker group tempted Eve with fruit from a tree that would give them the knowledge of life and death. Eve, which means life (179) in turn, tempted Adam with the fruit. Although pre-warned that eating this forbidden fruit would kill man, Adam fell into temptation and his desire for life. Through this action, his eyes were partially opened to the gods vision. However, this knowledge ultimately would lead to the fulfillment of the gods warnings that the worlds doom was assured (166). After mans realization, he placed himself in a category separate from the animals and beasts that continued to rely on the worlds situation rather than themselves. An allusion to the Biblical story of Adam and Eves descendents, Cain and Abel continued the progression of mans shift from leavers, to what they are now, takers. The taker philosophy that the world was made for man (61), epitomized the their obstinate attitude that the universe was meant to be conquered and exploited by humans. Cain, a member of the taker philosophy and an agriculturist felt mans fate was in his or her hands. He showed these beliefs through the harvesting and storing of food. Abel, a member of the leavers demonstrated his philosophy of leaving everything alone except for what was needed in his hunter gatherer lifestyle. Cain and Abel represented two cultures. When these two cultures clashed, the takers began watering their fields with the blood of . . . herders (173). Cain took Abels life because according to him, the world was made for human control. Humans could will life as well as death. Slowly, as the takers and their philosophies took over the planet, they reem phasized the worlds ultimate destruction. Through the passage of time, these Biblical stories, written by the leavers, have been accepted into the culture of the takers. These allusions enhance the consequences of the takers and their beliefs because of their philosophy that they are their own gods and the world belongs to man. This philosophy has caused destruction. Unfortunately, not many realize it, and the destruction continuesWords/ Pages : 587 / 24

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive Speech) Essays

Why After School Jobs Are Benificail (Pursausive Speech) AFTER SCHOOL JOBS In a world where getting ahead less of what you know and more of what you've done, I think that after school jobs for students are increasingly beneficial. I don't believe the myths that with a job there is no time for school work of extracurricular activities. I am a junior, I have had jobs since I was 15, I have never had my G.P.A drop below 3.2, and I have always been involved in at least three school activities. A teenager that has a job is more apt to be taught responsibility, learns more about money and gets a jump start on the real world after high school. One challenge that I have had to overcome, but ultimately grown stronger from is that of finding an appropriate time to finish my homework. I no longer take class time to work on my assignments for granted. While most of my friends who don't work usually go home and sit on their sofa for four hours before opening their bookbag, I have found that ?Friends? and ?ER? can still run their show without me watching, something I am afraid many of my peers have yet to discover. And shockingly enough it is possible to go for weeks without watching any television! Having a job has also taught me to respect authority. I have held jobs as a carhop, a waitress, and a grocery checker and sacker. Like most jobs that high schooler have, I am constantly around people. After being yelled at for undercooked steak or smashed bread, it is much easier to deal with rude people in other situations, I am much less likely to lose my patience and I understand that many problems and attitudes depend on circumstance. Many adults are also extremely impressed that is is automatic for me to address people older than me as ma'am or sir when I have a question or request. I think another positive was that jobs impact teenagers is that it teaches them about money. At the risk of sounding like a codjity old man, kids these days don't know the value of the dollar. I know many kids that are going to be in a world of hurt when Mom and Dad aren't there with their wallet to give them money to go out or buy their clothes and CD's. I now think twice before spending $115 dollars on a pair of shoes when I realize that will cost me thirty hours of working. I also have a better idea of what money buys and what things cost. After reading countless grocery totals everyday I am very aware that if I don't land a job in collage, I will be living off of Raman Noodles and the occasional Always Save hot dog. I look at taxes much different now, before I worked I didn't understand what all of the fuss was about. But after watching my meager paycheck melt away more every week, I understand why sometime the certainty of taxes seems like the more appealing option. After school jobs are great to prepare for life after high school. While I believe it is important to maintain healthy social life during high school, there aren't many collages or jobs that will accept you just because you are involved in every club offered. If you pick jobs responsibly, there is no reason while you can't stay active in school and work. I have not missed a football game yet in high school and I have been in every play put on by the school. Jobs prepare you for the world after school. After being a waitress I know I can find work in virtually any decent sized town in America. Because of my job I know that I can't just wake up in the mourning and go somewhere that I have not planned. Just like in the real world things must be planned weeks or even months in advance. If I need a job I know how to apply; I know how to pass an interview; I know how to impress authority figures, all skills I will need after I graduate. So for all of